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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 40(5)oct. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521862

RESUMO

Introducción: Los estudios sobre la infección fúngica invasora (IFI) por Fusarium spp en pacientes pediátricos con patología hemato-oncológica, son escasos, correspondiendo en general a series clínicas descriptas en forma retrospectiva, lo que dificulta conocer en profundidad sus características y evolución. Objetivo: Analizar la evolución fatal de la IFI causada por Fusarium spp en pacientes pediátricos con patología hemato-oncológica, llevándose a cabo una revisión sistemática. Material y Métodos: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó con fecha 23 de marzo de 2023, en las principales bases de datos (Medline (a través de PubMed), Embase (a través de Embase-Elsevier), The Cochrane Library (a través de Wiley), Cinahl (a través de EbscoHOST), SCI-EXPANDED y Scielo (a través de la WOS) y Scopus (a través de Scopus-Elsevier) y libre (mediante el motor Google) y revisando las citas de los artículos incluidos. Resultados: Se rescataron 1.341 artículos, de los cuales se descartaron 931 por diversas razones. Mediante el análisis de los textos completos, finalmente se incluyeron 11 estudios. Todos los estudios eran de nivel 4 (serie de casos). Se detectó una notoria heterogeneidad (p < 0,008) entre los mismos. La mediana de la frecuencia de muerte observada implicó a un tercio de los afectados (Md 33 %; Q1:22,7-Q4:75). Conclusiones: La mortalidad por IFI por Fusarium spp fue alta en niños con patología hemato-oncológica, en especial en aquellos con neutropenia profunda y mala respuesta al tratamiento de su enfermedad de base


Background: Studies on invasive fungal infection (IFI) by Fusarium spp in pediatric patients with hemato-oncological pathology are scarce and limited and a few series of cases described retrospectively, which makes it difficult to fully understand their characteristics and outcome. With the aim of analyzing the fatal evolution of these patients, this systematic review was carried out. Methods: The literature search was performed up to March 23, 2023, in the main databases, as Medline (through PubMed), Embase (through Embase-Elsevier), The Cochrane Library (through Wiley), Cinahl (through EbscoHOST), SCI-EXPANDED and Scielo (through WOS) and Scopus (through Scopus-Elsevier) and free (through the Google engine) and reviewing the citations of the included articles. Results: 1341 articles were retrieved, of which 931 were discarded for various reasons. By analyzing its full texts, 11 studies were finally included. It was observed that heterogeneity among them was relevant (p < 0.008). Median frequency of death involved one third of those affected (Md 33%; Q1:22,7-Q4:75). Conclusions: Mortality due to IFI due to Fusarium spp was high in children with hemato-oncological pathology, especially in those with severe neutropenia and poor response to treatment of their underlying disease.

2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(6)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431708

RESUMO

Introducción: En los niños, la bacteriemia debida a Burkholderia cepacia, es considerada una complicación grave y conducente a una elevada mortalidad. Con el objetivo de conocer la mortalidad asociada a esa condición, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica. Material y Métodos: Se aplicó una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica con las palabras claves: "bacteriemia por B. cepacia", "humanos", "niños" y "adolescentes", como únicos filtros. Se informan la mediana y los valores intercuartílicos de la frecuencia de la mortalidad reportada por los estudios incluidos. Resultados: Se identificaron 92 estudios potencialmente útiles. De ellos, se descartaron 81, incluyéndose finalmente, 11 estudios. Se trató de descripciones retrospectivas de casos, salvo uno de ellos, que respondió a un diseño analítico caso-control. La mediana de la mortalidad reportada por esta revisión, fue 0 (Q25 = 0 y Q75 = 28,57%). Interpretación: Si bien la evidencia disponible es escasa y de baja calidad, sugiere que el curso clínico de esta afección no siempre resulta en una elevada mortalidad.


Background: Bacteremia due to Burkolderia cepacia in children is considered a severe complication and associated with high mortality incidence. In order to know the level of mortality associated with it, this systematic review of the literature was carried out. Methods: A search strategy was carried out with the keywords: "bacteremia by B cepacia and human" and "children" and "adolescents" as filters. Global frequency of mortality reported by the included studies was calculated and informed as median (Q2) and its interquartile values (Q1 and Q3). Results: The search identified 92 potentially useful studies. Of these, 81 were discarded, and then remained 11 studies to be included. One out of 11 studies is an analytic case-control design. Rest are retrospective case series. Related mortality median was 0 (Q25 = 0 and Q75 = 28,57%). Conclusion: Although the available evidence is scarce and of low quality, it suggests that clinical course of this condition does not always lead to high mortality rates.

3.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 38(4): 488-494, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34652393

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia in children with onco-hematological diseases is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and requires early and adequate empirical treatment. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate if piperacillin/ tazobactan (PTZ) monotherapy leads to a lower incidence of therapeutic failures than comparators. METHODS: A literature search was carried out in Embase, and MEDLINE databases using the search terms ('febrile neutropenia' OR hemato oncology OR haemato oncology OR 'immunocompromised host' OR 'immunocompromised patient' OR 'chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia') AND (piperacillin OR tazobactam OR 'piperacillin plus tazobactam' OR 'piperacillin/tazobactam' OR 'piperacillin-tazobactam' OR tazocin OR 'piperacillin-tazobactam drug combination')), Efficacy endpoint was treatment failure rate. The safety end-point was absence of any adverse effects (AE). RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. No heterogeneity was detected ( I 2 0%). The risk of failure was not superior for piperacillin/tazobactan to comparators (Global RR: 0.94; IC95% 0.83 a 1.07). Rates of adverse events were similar among studies. No publication bias was detected (p 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that treating episodes of febrile neutropenia in oncology pediatric patients, the risk of failure for PTZ was not superior to comparators. Adverse events were similar to the comparators.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Neutropenia , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Penicilânico/efeitos adversos , Piperacilina/efeitos adversos
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(4): 488-494, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388282

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La neutropenia febril en niños con patología oncohematològica requiere un tratamiento empírico precoz y adecuado. Esta revisión sistemática se realizó para evaluar si piperacilina/tazobactam (PTZ) monoterapia es más efectiva y segura que los comparadores, en niños con episodios de neutropenia febril de causa oncológica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Embase, MEDLINE utilizando los términos de búsqueda (('febrile neutropenia' OR hemato oncology OR haemato oncology OR 'immunocompromised host' OR 'immunocompromised patient' OR 'chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia') AND (piperacillin OR tazobactam OR 'piperacillin plus tazobactam' OR 'piperacillin/tazobactam' OR 'piperacillin-tazobactam' OR tazocin OR 'piperacillin-tazobactam drug combination')). El criterio de valoración de eficacia fue la incidencia de fracaso terapéutico. El punto final de seguridad fue la ausencia de cualquier efecto adverso (EA). RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 1.388 estudios, de los cuales se incluyeron 11 que cumplían los criterios de elegibilidad. Los estudios presentaron notable homogeneidad ( I 2 0%) y no se detectó sesgo de publicación (p 0,36). El riesgo de fracaso terapéutico de PTZ no fue mayor que en los comparadores (RR global: 0,94; IC95% 0,83 a 1,07) como tampoco lo fue, la incidencia de EA. CONCLUSIONES: El riesgo de fracaso terapéutico no fue superior para la PTZ como monoterapia frente a los comparadores


BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia in children with onco-hematological diseases is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and requires early and adequate empirical treatment. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate if piperacillin/ tazobactan (PTZ) monotherapy leads to a lower incidence of therapeutic failures than comparators. METHODS: A literature search was carried out in Embase, and MEDLINE databases using the search terms ('febrile neutropenia' OR hemato oncology OR haemato oncology OR 'immunocompromised host' OR 'immunocompromised patient' OR 'chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia') AND (piperacillin OR tazobactam OR 'piperacillin plus tazobactam' OR 'piperacillin/tazobactam' OR 'piperacillin-tazobactam' OR tazocin OR 'piperacillin-tazobactam drug combination')), Efficacy endpoint was treatment failure rate. The safety end-point was absence of any adverse effects (AE). RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. No heterogeneity was detected ( I 2 0%). The risk of failure was not superior for piperacillin/tazobactan to comparators (Global RR: 0.94; IC95% 0.83 a 1.07). Rates of adverse events were similar among studies. No publication bias was detected (p 0.36). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that treating episodes of febrile neutropenia in oncology pediatric patients, the risk of failure for PTZ was not superior to comparators. Adverse events were similar to the comparators.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Piperacilina/efeitos adversos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Ácido Penicilânico/efeitos adversos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente
5.
Indian Pediatr ; 58(7): 639-642, 2021 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33864452

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differential characteristics of SARS-COV-2 associated inflammatory multisystem syndrome (MIS-C) in children. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.  The definition of MIS- C was based on WHO criteria. Temporally related COVID-19 patients were included as controls. RESULTS: 25 patients with MIS-C and 75 controls were included. Multivariate multiple logistic regression model of variables that showed to be significant in univariate analysis revealed that age ≥2 years (OR 24.7; 95% CI 1.03 -592.4; P=0.048), lymphopenia (OR 9.03, 95%CI 2.05-39.7; P=0.004), and platelet count <150x109/L (OR 11.7; 95% CI 1.88-75.22; P=0.009) were significantly associated with MIS-C. Presence of underlying disease seemed to reduce the risk of MIS-C (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.3). CONCLUSIONS: MIS-C was more common in patients older than 2 years and in those with lymphopenia or thrombocytopenia. Underlying disease appears to reduce the risk of MIS-C.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(3): 205-210, jun. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1001190

RESUMO

Introducción. La resistencia a los antibióticos plantea un problema de salud mundial cada vez mayor, por lo que la búsqueda de nuevos y más efectivos antibióticos es prioritaria. La ceftarolina tiene un amplio espectro de actividad contra cepas Gram-positivas clínicamente relevantes, que incluyen el Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente y cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae resistentes, así como algunos patógenos Gram-negativos implicados en infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos o en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad; es una potencial opción terapéutica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática que evaluó si la ceftarolina era más efectiva y segura que los comparadores. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva para identificar estudios clínicos experimentales que compararan la seguridad y eficacia de la ceftarolina con un comparador en la población pediátrica. El criterio de evaluación de eficacia fue la tasa de fracaso terapéutico y, para seguridad, la presencia de cualquier efecto adverso. Resultados. Se identificaron tres estudios, 2 de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y uno de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos. En ninguno, se detectó diferencia en el riesgo de fracaso terapéutico, RR 0,97 (0,54-1,73), ni en el criterio de seguridad, RR 0,79 (0,51-1,23). Conclusiones. La evidencia disponible sugiere que la ceftarolina podría ser una opción terapéutica válida en el tratamiento de las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos o neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes pediátricos. No se encontraron trabajos de alta calidad de evidencia en otro tipo de infecciones o en pacientes admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos.


Introduction. Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly growing health problem worldwide, so it is imperative to look for new, more effective antibiotics. Ceftaroline has a broad spectrum of activity against clinically relevant Grampositive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, as well as Gram-negative pathogens implicated in skin and soft tissue infections or community-acquired pneumonia; it is therefore a potential therapeutic option. We conducted a systematic review to assess whether ceftaroline was safer and more effective than comparators. Material and methods. A comprehensive bibliographic search was done to identify experimental clinical trials that compared the safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline to a comparator in the pediatric population. The rate of therapeutic failure was used to determine the effectiveness, while the presence of any adverse event was considered for safety. Results. Three studies were identified: two in community-acquired pneumonia and one in skin and soft tissue infections. No study showed a difference in the risk for therapeutic failure, relative risk (RR): 0.97 (0.54-1.73), or safety criterion, RR: 0.79 (0.51-1.23). Conclusions. The available evidence suggests that ceftaroline may be a valid therapeutic option for the management of skin and soft tissue infections or community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients. No studies with a high-quality of evidence were observed in other types of infections or in patients admitted to the critical care unit.


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Segurança , Eficácia , Revisão Sistemática , Cefalosporinas
7.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 117(3): e205-e210, 2019 06 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31063302

RESUMO

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly growing health problem worldwide, so it is imperative to look for new, more effective antibiotics. Ceftaroline has a broad spectrum of activity against clinically relevant Grampositive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, as well as Gram-negative pathogens implicated in skin and soft tissue infections or community-acquired pneumonia; it is therefore a potential therapeutic option. We conducted a systematic review to assess whether ceftaroline was safer and more effective than comparators. Material and methods: A comprehensive bibliographic search was done to identify experimental clinical trials that compared the safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline to a comparator in the pediatric population. The rate of therapeutic failure was used to determine the effectiveness, while the presence of any adverse event was considered for safety. Results: Three studies were identified: two in community-acquired pneumonia and one in skin and soft tissue infections. No study showed a difference in the risk for therapeutic failure, relative risk (RR): 0.97 (0.54-1.73), or safety criterion, RR: 0.79 (0.51-1.23). Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that ceftaroline may be a valid therapeutic option for the management of skin and soft tissue infections or community-acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients. No studies with a high-quality of evidence were observed in other types of infections or in patients admitted to the critical care unit.


Introducción. La resistencia a los antibióticos plantea un problema de salud mundial cada vez mayor, por lo que la búsqueda de nuevos y más efectivos antibióticos es prioritaria. La ceftarolina tiene un amplio espectro de actividad contra cepas Gram-positivas clínicamente relevantes, que incluyen el Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente y cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae resistentes, así como algunos patógenos Gram-negativos implicados en infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos o en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad; es una potencial opción terapéutica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática que evaluó si la ceftarolina era más efectiva y segura que los comparadores. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva para identificar estudios clínicos experimentales que compararan la seguridad y eficacia de la ceftarolina con un comparador en la población pediátrica. El criterio de evaluación de eficacia fue la tasa de fracaso terapéutico y, para seguridad, la presencia de cualquier efecto adverso. Resultados. Se identificaron tres estudios, 2 de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y uno de infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos. En ninguno, se detectó diferencia en el riesgo de fracaso terapéutico, RR 0,97 (0,54-1,73), ni en el criterio de seguridad, RR 0,79 (0,51-1,23). Conclusiones. La evidencia disponible sugiere que la ceftarolina podría ser una opción terapéutica válida en el tratamiento de las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos o neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes pediátricos. No se encontraron trabajos de alta calidad de evidencia en otro tipo de infecciones o en pacientes admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Críticos.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Cefalosporinas/efeitos adversos , Criança , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Ther Adv Infect Dis ; 6: 2049936118808655, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30891240

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Resistance to antibiotics is steadily increasing. Ceftaroline has a broad spectrum of activity against clinically relevant gram-positive strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate whether ceftaroline is effective and safe, leading to a lower rate of treatment failures than comparators. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Studies were included if they were comparing the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline with other antibiotics. DATA SOURCES: Using the search terms 'ceftaroline' or 'ceftaroline fosamil', a search strategy was developed. The efficacy endpoint was the rate of treatment failure, while the safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse events. Heterogeneity bias was estimated using the Q-test, and publication bias was estimated using Egger's test. Null hypothesis was rejected if p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS: Only 10 studies were included. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: The risk of treatment failure was significantly lower for ceftaroline than for comparators, and cumulative meta-analysis showed that the effect size was relevant and precise. Pooled risk ratio was 0.79 (95% confidence interval = 0.65-0.95). The rates of adverse events were similar among the studies, and there were no statistically significant differences between groups. For this endpoint, there was a significant heterogeneity among studies (p = 0.03). Pooled risk ratio for adverse events was 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.87-1.10), without a statistical difference. DISCUSSION: The risk of treatment failure was significantly lower for ceftaroline than comparators, while the rate of adverse events was similar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline including children and adults. A limitation is that no randomized controlled trials were found in non-complicated skin- and soft-tissue infection and non-community-acquired pneumonia infections; only few cases with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolations and no patients admitted to the intensive care unit were evaluated. INTERPRETATION: Ceftaroline may be an option of treatment in complicated skin- and soft-tissue infection and community-acquired pneumonia.

9.
Ther Adv Infect Dis ; 6: 2049936119886465, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32082568

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess whether daptomycin is safer and more efficacious than comparators for the treatment of serious infection caused by gram-positive microorganisms. METHODS: Electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinical registered trials) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy and safety of daptomycin versus therapy with any other antibiotic comparator. Two reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed a quality assessment and extracted the data. Heterogeneity was assessed, and a random-effects or fixed-effects model, when appropriate, was used for estimates of risk ratio (RR). The primary outcome assessed was the risk of clinical treatment failure among the intention-to-treat population and the presence of any treatment related adverse event (AEs). RESULTS: A total of seven trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Daptomycin treatment failure rates were no different to comparator regimens (RR = 0.96; CI 95% 0.86-1.06). No significantly different treatment related AEs were identified when comparing groups (RR = 0.91; CI 95% 0.83-1.01). CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in treatment failure rates and safety were found using daptomycin or any of the comparators treatment.

11.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(3): 451-454, jun. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-950025

RESUMO

La información sobre el uso de posaconazol en niños es escasa. Se realizó este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo entre agosto de 2010 y marzo de 2017 para evaluar las características clínicas, microbiológicas y la evolución de los pacientes tratados con posaconazol. Se incluyeron 16 niños. Mediana de edad: 161 meses (rango intercuartílico -RIC- 69-173 m). Todos tenían enfermedad subyacente y presentaban infección fúngica invasiva probada. Los aislamientos más frecuentes fueron Mucor spp. y Aspergillus spp. La dosis media de posaconazol fue 600 mg/día (400-800 mg/día) y la mediana de duración del tratamiento, 223 días (RIC 48-632). Diez pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, pero solo uno requirió suspensión del antifúngico debido a alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas.


There is limited information on the use of posaconazole in children. This retrospective and descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the clinical, microbiological characteristics and evolution of patients treated with posaconazole between August 2010 and March 2017. We included 16 children. Median age: 161 months (interquartile range -IQR-69-173m). All had underlying disease and a proven invasive fungal infection. The most frequent isolated were Mucor spp. and Aspergillus spp. The mean posaconazole dose was 600 mg /day (400-800 mg/day) and the median duration of treatment was 223 days (IQR 48-632). Ten patients had adverse effects, but only one required suspension of the antifungal treatment due to hydroelectrolytic disorders.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Triazóis/administração & dosagem , Triazóis/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/microbiologia , Hospitais Pediátricos , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos
12.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 116(3): e451-e454, 2018 06 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29756722

RESUMO

There is limited information on the use of posaconazole in children. This retrospective and descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the clinical, microbiological characteristics and evolution of patients treated with posaconazole between August 2010 and March 2017. We included 16 children. Median age: 161 months (interquartile range -IQR- 69-173 m). All had underlying disease and a proven invasive fungal infection. The most frequent isolated were Mucor spp. and Aspergillus spp. The mean posaconazole dose was 600 mg/day (400-800 mg/day) and the median duration of treatment was 223 days (IQR 48-632). Ten patients had adverse effects, but only one required suspension of the antifungal treatment due to hydroelectrolytic disorders.


La información sobre el uso de posaconazol en niños es escasa. Se realizó este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo entre agosto de 2010 y marzo de 2017 para evaluar las características clínicas, microbiológicas y la evolución de los pacientes tratados con posaconazol. Se incluyeron 16 niños. Mediana de edad: 161 meses (rango intercuartílico ­RIC­ 69-173 m). Todos tenían enfermedad subyacente y presentaban infección fúngica invasiva probada. Los aislamientos más frecuentes fueron Mucor spp. y Aspergillus spp. La dosis media de posaconazol fue 600 mg/ día (400-800 mg/día) y la mediana de duración del tratamiento, 223 días (RIC 48-632). Diez pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, pero solo uno requirió suspensión del antifúngico debido a alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Triazóis/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de Tempo , Triazóis/administração & dosagem , Triazóis/efeitos adversos
14.
Rev. argent. salud publica ; 9(34): 35-39, ene.-mar. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-884432

RESUMO

Los cigarrillos electrónicos se promocionan como alternativa para dejar de fumar o reducir el consumo de tabaco. Esta revisión sistemática evaluó su seguridad y eficacia. Según los resultados obtenidos, no hay pruebas suficientes para afirmar que este tipo de cigarrillos sean más efectivos que otros tratamientos aprobados para abandonar el hábito.


Assuntos
Eficácia , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Segurança , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco
15.
Infect Dis (Lond) ; 50(7): 489-494, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29262742

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is a second-generation triazole. It has excellent bioavailability and broad antifungal spectrum; thus, it is an attractive option for patients at high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Comparing efficacy and safety of voriconazole with other antifungals in prophylaxis or treatment of IFIs would be useful to draw conclusions regarding prevention and therapeutics of these infections. AIM: To assess efficacy and safety of voriconazole compared with other options as prophylaxis or treatment of IFIs in haematology-oncology patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE database using the search term 'voriconazole' and completed with manual search. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing voriconazole with other antifungal agents or placebo. DATA EXTRACTION: Seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Five studies compared voriconazole to another comparator as prophylaxis of IFIs and two as treatment. Pooled results showed that voriconazole was more effective than the comparator (RR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.01-1.34), but heterogeneity was significant (Q test 32.7; p = .00001). Sub-analysis according to prophylaxis showed RR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.00-1.37; while as treatment, RR = 1.23; 95%CI = 0.68-2.22. Risk of adverse events was not different from that observed for the comparator (RR = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.66-1.72) though significant heterogeneity was detected (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Voriconazole was as effective and safe as comparators, probably better as prophylaxis than as treatment, but limitations due to variability in the sample size of studies, differences in the age of patients, and heterogeneity between studies' outcome measures indicate the need for further research.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/efeitos adversos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido/efeitos dos fármacos , Voriconazol/administração & dosagem , Voriconazol/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Humanos , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/prevenção & controle , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/prevenção & controle , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicações , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Voriconazol/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
16.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(4): 374-376, ago. 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1038378

RESUMO

La experiencia con anidulafungina en el tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría es escasa. Se presenta nuestra experiencia en 55 niños. La anidulafungina se administró por vía intravenosa en la dosis de carga de 3 mg/kg en una sola dosis diaria, seguida de 1,5 mg/kg cada 24 h durante una media de 14 días (rango, 7-22 d.). La mediana de edad de los pacientes fue de 114 meses (rango intercuartíhco, 32168 m.). Todos los pacientes tenían enfermedades subyacentes. En los trasplantados de médula ósea, la diferencia entre el valor inicial y al final de la administración del fármaco en el recuento de glóbulos blancos, valores de transaminasas y función renal no fue significativo. Ninguno de los pacientes tuvo eventos adversos o murió por causas relacionadas con anidulafungina. La anidulafungina podría ser una opción para la profilaxis o el tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría, aunque se requieren estudios metodológicamente sólidos para probarlo.


The experience using anidulafungin for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in pediatrics is limited. In this article, we describe our experience in 55 children. Anidulafungin was administered intravenously at a loading dose of 3 mg/kg once daily, followed by 1.5 mg/kg every 24 hours over a mean period of 14 days (range: 7-22 days). Patients' median age was 114 months old (interquartile range: 32-168 months old). All patients had underlying diseases. Among patients with bone marrow transplant, the difference in white blood cell count, transaminase levels, and renal function at baseline and at the end of anidulafungin administration was not significant. No adverse events were reported and no patient died from an anidulafungin-related cause. Anidulafungin may be considered an alternative for the prophylaxis or treatment of invasive fungal infections in pediatrics but methodologically robust studies are needed to confirm this.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Criança , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , Anidulafungina
17.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 115(4): 374-376, 2017 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28741344

RESUMO

The experience using anidulafungin for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in pediatrics is limited. In this article, we describe our experience in 55 children. Anidulafungin was administered intravenously at a loading dose of 3 mg/kg once daily, followed by 1.5 mg/kg every 24 hours over a mean period of 14 days (range: 7-22 days). Patients' median age was 114 months old (interquartile range: 32-168 months old). All patients had underlying diseases. Among patients with bone marrow transplant, the difference in white blood cell count, transaminase levels, and renal function at baseline and at the end of anidulafungin administration was not significant. No adverse events were reported and no patient died from an anidulafungin-related cause. Anidulafungin may be considered an alternative for the prophylaxis or treatment of invasive fungal infections in pediatrics but methodologically robust studies are needed to confirm this.


La experiencia con anidulafungina en el tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría es escasa. Se presenta nuestra experiencia en 55 niños. La anidulafungina se administró por vía intravenosa en la dosis de carga de 3 mg/kg en una sola dosis diaria, seguida de 1,5 mg/kg cada 24 h durante una media de 14 días (rango, 7-22 d.). La mediana de edad de los pacientes fue de 114 meses (rango intercuartílico, 32-168 m.). Todos los pacientes tenían enfermedades subyacentes. En los trasplantados de médula ósea, la diferencia entre el valor inicial y al final de la administración del fármaco en el recuento de glóbulos blancos, valores de transaminasas y función renal no fue significativo. Ninguno de los pacientes tuvo eventos adversos o murió por causas relacionadas con anidulafungina. La anidulafungina podría ser una opción para la profilaxis o el tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría, aunque se requieren estudios metodológicamente sólidos para probarlo.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Anidulafungina , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Atenção Terciária à Saúde
18.
Ciencia Reguladora ; (1): 19-23, 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1024349

RESUMO

El uso de CBD en formulaciones estandarizadas y controladas (obviamente, esto excluye a las preparaciones caseras), en una concentración del 99% y nunca menor al 96% con respecto al THC, como tratamiento adyuvante en la epilepsia refractaria o fármacorresistente en niños y jóvenes, ha demostrado tener efecto anticonvulsivante principalmente en crisis motoras y debe considerarse como una opción efectiva y segura en el tratamiento de este tipo de pacientes. Más allá de su probada eficacia anticonvulsivante, permite en la mayoría de los casos reducir la dosis de otros fármacos anticonvulsivantes y sus efectos adversos, lo que resulta en mejoría de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y de sus cuidadores. El uso medicinal de los cannabinoides y sus compuestos no adictivos deben ser considerados dentro del arsenal terapéutico de uso controlado, en el tratamiento de la epilepsia refractaria.


Assuntos
Humanos , Dronabinol , Canabinoides/uso terapêutico , Epilepsia , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos
19.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 114(4): 305-312, ago. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838238

RESUMO

Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en pediatría. La caspofungina es una equinocandina utilizada como alternativa en la prevención y/o tratamiento de ciertas infecciones fúngicas invasivas en niños, aunque con poca evidencia sobre su eficacia y seguridad en comparación con el tratamiento habitual. Objetivos. Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la caspofungina comparada con otros antifúngicos en la prevención y/o tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría. Material y métodos. La estrategia de búsqueda inicial tuvo como objetivo identificar estudios controlados aleatorizados de aceptable calidad metodológica (escala de Jadad > 3) mediante la palabra clave "caspofungin" realizados en pacientes de entre los 0 y los 18 años. Resultados. Solo 3 publicaciones cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De ellas, 2 fueron en población pediátrica y una en neonatal. No se documentó una mayor incidencia de efectos adversos para la caspofungina y su eficacia no se diferenció de otros antifúngicos (RR típico 1,47; IC 95%: 0,78-2,79). Conclusiones. Esta revisión sistemática sugiere que la caspofungina podría considerarse como una alternativa para su indicación en pediatría en la prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas. Sin embargo, dado el pequeño número de publicaciones existentes, se requieren más estudios para alcanzar conclusiones definitivas.


Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Caspofungin is an echinocandin used as an alternative treatment in the prevention and/or treatment of certain invasive fungal infections in children, although compared to the standard treatment there is little evidence on its efficacy and safety. Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caspofungin compared with other antifungal drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of invasive fungal infections in children. Material and methods. The objective of the initial search strategy was to identify randomized controlled studies of acceptable methodological quality (Jadad scale >3), through the key word "caspofungin", conducted in patients with an age range from 0 to 18 years old. Results. Only 3 publications met the inclusion criteria. Two of them were studies conducted in children and one in newborn infants. A higher incidence of adverse events was not documented for caspofungin and its efficacy was not different from that of other antifungal drugs (typical RR 1.47; CI 95%: 0.78-2.79). Conclusions. This systematic review suggests that caspofungin could be considered as an alternative drug in children for the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, given the small number of existing publications, more studies are required to reach definite conclusions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Lipopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento
20.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 114(4): 305-12, 2016 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27399007

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Caspofungin is an echinocandin used as an alternative treatment in the prevention and/or treatment of certain invasive fungal infections in children, although compared to the standard treatment there is little evidence on its efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caspofungin compared with other antifungal drugs for the prevention and/or treatment of invasive fungal infections in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objective of the initial search strategy was to identify randomized controlled studies of acceptable methodological quality (Jadad scale >3), through the key word "caspofungin", conducted in patients with an age range from 0 to 18 years old. RESULTS: The objective of the initial search strategy was to identify randomized controlled studies of acceptable methodological quality (Jadad scale >3), through the key word "caspofungin", conducted in patients with an age range from 0 to 18 years old. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review suggests that caspofungin could be considered as an alternative drug in children for the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, given the small number of existing publications, more studies are required to reach definite conclusions.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en pediatría. La caspofungina es una equinocandina utilizada como alternativa en la prevención y/o tratamiento de ciertas infecciones fúngicas invasivas en niños, aunque con poca evidencia sobre su eficacia y seguridad en comparación con el tratamiento habitual. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la caspofungina comparada con otros antifúngicos en la prevención y/o tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas en pediatría. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La estrategia de búsqueda inicial tuvo como objetivo identificar estudios controlados aleatorizados de aceptable calidad metodológica (escala de Jadad 〉 3) mediante la palabra clave "caspofungin" realizados en pacientes de entre los 0 y los 18 años. RESULTADOS: Solo 3 publicaciones cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De ellas, 2 fueron en población pediátrica y una en neonatal. No se documentó una mayor incidencia de efectos adversos para la caspofungina y su eficacia no se diferenció de otros antifúngicos (RR típico 1,47; IC 95%: 0,78-2,79). CONCLUSIONES: Esta revisión sistemática sugiere que la caspofungina podría considerarse como una alternativa para su indicación en pediatría en la prevención y tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasivas. Sin embargo, dado el pequeño número de publicaciones existentes, se requieren más estudios para alcanzar conclusiones definitivas.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Equinocandinas/uso terapêutico , Lipopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Caspofungina , Criança , Humanos , Resultado do Tratamento
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